📌 What is the JC Polyomavirus (JCV) DNA Test?
A molecular diagnostic test that detects JC virus (JCV) DNA in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or urine.
Uses Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify and quantify the virus.
JCV is a common virus that usually remains dormant but can reactivate in immunocompromised individuals.
🎯 Purpose of the Test
✅ Diagnoses progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe brain infection caused by JCV.
✅ Monitors JCV reactivation in immunosuppressed patients (HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, multiple sclerosis patients on immunotherapies).
✅ Evaluates neurological symptoms like weakness, vision changes, and cognitive decline.
📊 Normal Ranges & Interpretation
🔹 Normal: No detectable JCV DNA (Negative result).
🔹 Abnormal: Detectable JCV DNA, indicating active infection or reactivation risk.
Low viral load: May suggest early infection or latent state.
High viral load: Increased risk of PML or active viral replication.
📝 Test Procedure
1️⃣ A sample (blood, CSF, or urine) is collected.
2️⃣ The sample undergoes Real-Time PCR amplification to detect and quantify JCV DNA.
3️⃣ Results are analyzed to determine viral presence and load.
⚠️ Who Should Get Tested?
🔹 Patients with neurological symptoms suggestive of PML.
🔹 Immunosuppressed individuals (HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, MS patients on natalizumab or other immunotherapies).
🔹 Those with suspected JC virus reactivation due to weakened immunity.
✅ Why is This Test Important?
✔️ Early detection of JC virus in high-risk patients.
✔️ Helps prevent or diagnose PML before severe brain damage occurs.
✔️ Guides treatment decisions for immunosuppressed individuals.